Current Trends in the Management of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Background: Recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with challenges in treatment due to the complex anatomic location and impact of prior treatment modalities such as radiation therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss modern treatment strategies for recurrent NPC, potential challenges, and outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was performed, evaluating management strategies of recurrent NPC, survival measures, and advancements in treatment considerations. Results: Treatment options including radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy are discussed, including data on survival outcomes and treatment-related morbidity. We review additional considerations including advances in endoscopic surgery, operative management of the internal carotid artery (ICA), novel radiation and chemotherapy protocols, and the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion: This review describes contemporary management strategies for recurrent NPC, highlighting evolving management strategies that may reduce treatment-associated morbidity and improve survival.