National Innovation System of India in a Comparative Perspective India versus China, Germany, Korea and Brazil

This study analyses India’s national innovation system from a comparative perspective. India serves as the low-cost research and development centre for foreign multinational companies. Although it is definitely better than being a low-cost production site for foreign MNCs as the case of typical developing countries, this mode alone would be insufficient to move India to a high-income stage. One way to enhance local creation and ownership of innovation is the generation of more world-class big businesses, besides generating a good mass of startups or unicorns.